The infield fly rule prevents defensive players from intentionally dropping an easily catchable fair fly ball to create a force out at multiple bases. This rule applies with fewer than two outs and runners on first and second, or first, second, and third.

💡 Stuck on a team name? Try our free Team Name Generator →

TL;DR

The infield fly rule protects baserunners from unfair double plays when an infielder can easily catch a fair pop-up. It applies only when first and second bases are occupied with less than two outs. The umpire must declare "Infield Fly" while the ball is in flight, at which point the batter is out regardless of whether the ball is caught.

When Does the Infield Fly Rule Apply?

The infield fly rule applies specifically when there are fewer than two outs and runners are positioned on at least first and second base. This situational requirement ensures that the fielding team cannot exploit a trailing runner by dropping a fly ball on purpose.

If the bases are loaded, the rule remains in effect to prevent a triple play. The umpire must judge if the ball is a fair fly that an infielder, or an outfielder positioned in the infield, can handle with ordinary effort. Line drives and attempted bunts are strictly excluded from this ruling. Once the umpire makes the call, the batter is out immediately. Runners may then choose to advance at their own risk once the ball is touched or caught. See more on trackbarn.

• Fewer than two outs must be recorded - Runners must occupy first and second, or all three bases - The hit must be a fair fly ball, not.

Why Is the Infield Fly Rule Important for Runners?

This rule serves as a protective mechanism for baserunners who would otherwise be "sitting ducks" if a fielder dropped the ball intentionally. Without it, a fielder could let the ball hit the dirt and easily force out multiple runners who stayed near their bases to avoid being doubled off.

When the umpire calls the rule, the force play is removed because the batter is already out. Runners don't have to run, even if the ball hits the ground. However, if the ball is caught, runners must tag up before advancing. If the ball is dropped, they can run without tagging, though they aren't forced to move. Understanding this distinction helps teams avoid unnecessary outs during critical innings. See more on proplayerteam.

1. High-velocity decision-making is easier when runners know the force is off. 2. Baserunners remain safe at their original bags if the ball is dropped. 3. It eliminates the defensive advantage of a deceptive "missed" catch.

How to Determine if the Rule Is in Effect

Deciding if the rule applies during a live play involves checking the specific game state before the pitch is even thrown. Players should monitor the following criteria to anticipate the umpire's call:

• Check the scoreboard to confirm there are fewer than two outs
• Verify that both first and second bases are currently occupied
• Observe the height and arc of the fly ball to distinguish it from a line drive
• Watch the umpire for a verbal "Infield Fly" call and a raised arm signal
• Note if the ball stays within fair territory as it descends

References:

USA Softball NCAA Softball Rules NFHS Athletics

Our Expert

Nic Reese

Our Sport Expert

Nic Reese is a sports expert and lifelong enthusiast with a deep focus on bowling and competitive team sports. He brings practical insight, real-world experience, and a genuine passion for the game into every piece of content. Nick is driven by a love of sports culture, performance, and helping players and teams perform at their best.